Introduction to TFT-LCD Panels

1.What is TFT-LCD?

TFT-LCD,which stands for Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display, is an active matrix liquid crystal display technology. It is widely used in various electronic products due to its advantages such as low power consumption, high clarity, and color display.

However, it also has some "inherent shortcomings" :

• Limited viewing Angle

• Slow response speed (due to the limitation of the LCD rotation speed)

• Dynamic images are prone to blurring

• Limited operating temperature range

Terms related to TFT LCD:

• LC: Liquid Crystal
• CF:Color Filter
• B/L: Back light
• L/G: Light Guide 
• data line
• scan line

2.The internal structure of TFT-LCD panels

· Polarizing filter: Located at the top and bottom layers of the display, it is responsible for controlling the polarization direction of light, ensuring that only light in a specific direction can pass through.

· Liquid Crystal Cell (LC Cell): The core component, which contains liquid crystal molecules. These molecules are controlled by an electric field to regulate the passage of light.

· Color Filter (CF): Located above the liquid crystal unit, it is used to generate color images. Each pixel point corresponds to red, green, and blue colors.

· Glass substrate: The glass substrate serves as the core carrier material for the color filter.

· Thin-film transistor (TFT): Located beneath the color filter, it is used to control the switch of each pixel, enabling precise display of images. 

· Printed Circuit Board (PCBA): Connects and controls various components to ensure the normal operation of the entire display.

· Light Guide: Located within the backlight module, it is used to evenly distribute the light from the lamp tube, providing a uniform backlight effect.

· Lamp tube: Provides the backlight source to ensure that the display can clearly show images even in a dark environment.