The principle of LCD display

1.Introduction

The full name of LCD is Liquid Crystal Display. The properties of liquid crystals were discovered in 1888 by Austrian chemist Friedrich Reinitzer. After decades of research, in 1964, George H. Heilmeier at the U.S. Radio Corporation laboratory completed the first dynamic scattering mode liquid crystal display. In 1971, International Liquid Xtal Company began mass production of the first liquid crystal display using a twisted nematic field-effect. Starting in the 1980s, liquid crystal displays began to become truly popular, with several types of LCDs such as TFT, UFB, TFD, and STN emerging.

2.The Structure

The structure of an LCD consists of a liquid crystal layer placed between two parallel glass substrates. The lower glass substrate is equipped with TFT (Thin Film Transistor), and the upper glass substrate has a color filter. By controlling the alignment of liquid crystal molecules through the signals and voltages applied to the TFT, the polarization of light can be controlled for each pixel, achieving the display function. LCD is a substance that exists between solid and liquid states; it does not emit light on its own and requires an external light source to function. The number of light tubes affects the brightness of the LCD.